How to fix missing php extensions problems in custom Docker image?

There are many excellent questions here about automating the initial setup process for Drupal but I haven’t seen any pertaining specifically to Drupal containers in Docker.

Here’s my setup. I’ve kept the images/builds as vanilla as possible; the only Dockerfile I have is for composer, inspired by the accepted answer to this question.

docker-compose.yml

version: '2' services:    drupal:     image: drupal     ports:       - 8888:80    mariadb:     image: mariadb     environment:        MYSQL_DATABASE: drupal8        MYSQL_USER: drupal8        MYSQL_PASSWORD: drupal8        MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: drupal8     restart: always     depends_on:       - drupal    drush:     image: drush/drush    composer:     image: composer     build: composer_init     depends_on:       - drupal       - drush 

Dockerfile for composer:

FROM composer  RUN composer -vvv create-project drupal-composer/drupal-project /var/www/html --stability dev --no-interaction RUN cd /var/www/html RUN drush si -y    --db-url=mysql://root:drupal8@localhost/drupal8    --site-name=drupal8    --site-mail=drupal8@foo.com    --account-mail=drupal8@foo.com    --account-name=drupal8    --account-pass=drupal8 >> /dev/null 2>&1 

I spun up the build process by issuing docker-compose up -d --build. Now when the process reached the composer part, it blew up with the following message:

Resolving dependencies through SAT Dependency resolution completed in 0.001 seconds Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.    Problem 1     - drupal/core 8.5.x-dev requires ext-gd * -> the requested PHP extension gd is missing from your system.     - drupal/core 8.5.1 requires ext-gd * -> the requested PHP extension gd is missing from your system.     - Installation request for drupal/core ~8.5.1 -> satisfiable by drupal/core[8.5.1, 8.5.x-dev].    To enable extensions, verify that they are enabled in your .ini files:     -      - /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/date_timezone.ini     - /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-sodium.ini     - /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-zip.ini     - /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/memory-limit.ini   You can also run `php --ini` inside terminal to see which files are used by PHP in CLI mode. 

Based on other answers/suggestions here, I added a Dockerfile to my drupal section and added RUN apt-get install php7.0-gd to the Dockerfile, but this now blows up with E: Package 'php7.0-gd' has no installation candidate.

I’ve ensured that the PHP version for this Docker image is PHP 7.

php --ini gives me:

# php --ini Configuration File (php.ini) Path: /usr/local/etc/php Loaded Configuration File:         (none) Scan for additional .ini files in: /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d Additional .ini files parsed:      /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-gd.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-opcache.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pdo_mysql.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pdo_pgsql.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-zip.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/opcache-recommended.ini 

How can I resolve this error now?

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